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Rufous Hummingbird

Forest condition: Unique Forest Habitat
Habitat Attribute: Nectar-Producing Plants

Habitat Objectives
Sites: Where ecologically appropriate in any forest stage or condition provide >20% of the shrub/herbaceous understory cover as nectar-producing plants (e.g., salmonberry, rhododendron, currant).

Habitat Conservation Strategies

  • Allow unmanaged early-successional habitat to regenerate naturally, particularly where there is the potential for a well-developed deciduous component of flower (nectar) producing plants.
  • Retain and/or plant flower (nectar) producing shrubs and trees such as salmonberry, currant, and snowbrush, and herbaceous plants such as penstemon, columbine, and paintbrush
  • Maintain deciduous vegetation in areas where conifer seedlings are not planted or difficult to establish such as along logging roads and landings: on unstable, steep slopes; and in moist depressions, gullies, and stream courses.
  • Where vegetation management is conducted, use selective control of deciduous vegetation (e.g., immediately adjacent to conifer seedlings) by manual thinning or limited herbicide application.
  • Where vegetation management is being conducted, retain small, untreated patchily distributed plots (e.g., 0.1 ha, Marcot [1984]; 10 x 20 m, Morrison [1982]) of deciduous vegetation throughout the conifer plantation.
  • Discontinue use of herbicides for deciduous tree and shrub control for species associated with early-successional deciduous shrub-layer vegetation.
  • Lengthen time in early-successional condition by planting a lower density of conifers in conjunction with limited or no competing vegetation management.
  • Harvest entries should be carefully designed, and logging systems tailored to site-specific conditions to minimize ground disturbance and site productivity.
  • Beneath transmission powerlines where vegetation is maintained at shrub/sapling heights, selectively retain flower and nectar producing shrubs and trees.

Cited Plan

Altman, B. and J.D. Alexander. 2012. Habitat conservation for landbirds in coniferous forests of western Oregon and Washington. Version 2.0. Oregon-Washington Partners in Flight (www.orwapif.org) and American Bird Conservancy and Klamath Bird Observatory.

Lazuli Bunting

Habitat: Oak Savannah or Open Woodland

Habitat Attribute: moderate and patchy shrub cover

Habitat Objectives (Sites):
Oak Savannah or Open Woodland in the following conditions:

  • canopy cover <40%
  • shrub cover 20-50% with an interspersion of herbaceous areas

Population Objectives (Sites):

Target Densities in Suitable Habitat:

Puget Lowlands:
South: >0.10 birds/ha (>0.04 birds/ac)

Willamette Valley:
North: >0.13 birds/ha (>0.05 birds/ac)
South: >0.22 birds/ha (>0.09 birds/ac)

Klamath Mountains:
Umpqua: >0.65 birds/ha (>0.26 birds/ac)
Rogue: >0.60 birds/ha (>0.24 birds/ac)

Cited Plan

Rockwell, S. M., J. L. Stephens, and B. Altman. 2022. Population and habitat objectives for landbirds in prairie, oak, and riparian habitats of western Oregon and Washington. Version 2.0. Prepared for Oregon-Washington Partners in Flight, Pacific Birds Habitat Joint Venture, Bureau of Land Management, and U.S. Forest Service. Klamath Bird Observatory, Ashland, OR, and American Bird Conservancy, Corvallis, OR.

Purple Finch

Habitat: Oak Closed Woodland and Forest
Habitat Attribute: moderate to high canopy and subcanopy cover

Population Objectives (Sites)
Target Densities in Suitable Habitat:

Puget Lowlands:
North: >0.09 birds/ha (>0.04 birds/ac)
South: >0.42 birds/ha (>0.17 birds/ac)

Willamette Valley:
North: >0.35 birds/ha (>0.14 birds/ac)
South: >0.10 birds/ha (>0.04 birds/ac)

Klamath Mountains:
Umpqua: >0.02 birds/ha (>0.01 birds/ac)
Rogue: >0.08 birds/ha (>0.03 birds/ac)

Habitat Objectives (Sites)
Oak Closed Woodland or Forest in the following conditions:

  • canopy cover >40%
  • subcanopy cover >20%
  • shrub cover <50%
  • mean tree DBH >30 cm (12 in)
  • patches >10 ha (25 ac)

Cited Plan

Rockwell, S. M., J. L. Stephens, and B. Altman. 2022. Population and habitat objectives for landbirds in prairie, oak, and riparian habitats of western Oregon and Washington. Version 2.0. Prepared for Oregon-Washington Partners in Flight, Pacific Birds Habitat Joint Venture, Bureau of Land Management, and U.S. Forest Service. Klamath Bird Observatory, Ashland, OR, and American Bird Conservancy, Corvallis, OR.

Horned Lark (Streaked)

Streaked Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris strigata)

Habitat: Prairie
Habitat Attribute: Large, open landscapes with low-saturated and sparse vegetation

Population Objectives (Ecoregions)
Puget Lowlands:

  • By 2030, increase the current estimated population of 252 birds by ≥50.8% to ≥380 birds (4.2% annual exponential growth), with ≥280 birds in ≥8 subpopulations, and another ≥100 birds elsewhere throughout the ecoregion.

Willamette Valley (North):

  • By 2030, increase the current estimated population of 195 birds by ≥26.7% (2.4% annual exponential growth) to ≥247 birds, with ≥90 birds in ≥3 subpopulations, and another ≥157 birds elsewhere throughout the ecoregion.

Willamette Valley (West):

  • By 2030, increase the current estimated population of 449 birds by ≥61.3% (4.9% annual exponential growth) to ≥724 birds, with ≥600 birds in ≥9 subpopulations, and another ≥124 birds elsewhere throughout the ecoregion.

Willamette Valley (Southeast):

  • By 2030, increase the current estimated population of 456 birds by ≥61.2% (4.9% annual exponential increase) to ≥735 birds, with ≥600 birds in ≥9 subpopulations, and another ≥135 birds elsewhere throughout the ecoregion.

Habitat Objectives (Ecoregions)
Puget Lowlands:

  • By 2030, maintain ≥8 suitable habitat areas as described below that include ≤1,821 ha (4,500 ac).

Willamette Valley (North):

  • By 2030, maintain ≥3 suitable habitat areas as described below that include ≤209 ha (516 ac).

Willamette Valley (West):

  • By 2030, maintain ≥9 suitable habitat areas as described below that include ≤1,420 ha (3,509 ac).

Willamette Valley (Southeast):

  • By 2030, maintain ≥9 suitable habitat areas as described below that include ≤1,420 ha (3,509 ac).

Population and Habitat Objectives (Subregions)
Size, Number, and Distribution of Subpopulations and Habitat Areas by 2030:

Puget Lowlands:

  • ≥6 large subpopulations (i.e., >20 pairs) in <1,518 ha (3,750 ac)/subpopulation
  • ≥2 medium subpopulations (i.e., 10-20 pairs) in <303 ha (750 ac)/subpopulation

Willamette Valley (North):

  • ≥3 medium subpopulations (i.e., >15 pairs) in <209 ha (516 ac)/subpopulation

Willamette Valley (West):

  • ≥3 large subpopulations (i.e., >50 pairs) in <626 ha (1,548 ac)/subpopulation
  • ≥6 medium subpopulations (i.e., 25-50 pairs) in <794 ha (1,961 ac)/subpopulation

Willamette Valley (Southeast):

  • ≥3 large subpopulations (i.e., >50 pairs) in <626 ha (1,548 ac)/subpopulation
  • ≥6 medium subpopulations (i.e., 25-50 pairs) in <794 ha (1,961 ac)/subpopulation

All Ecoregions:

  • all of the habitat areas should be in secure conservation status (i.e., ownership or easements) and managed in ways compatible with suitable habitat
  • ≤10% of the subpopulation habitat areas should be hostile habitat (i.e., urban, residential, high density rural)

Population Objectives (Sites)
Target Densities in Suitable Habitat:

Puget Lowlands:

  • South: >0.03 birds/ha (>0.01 birds/ac)

Willamette Valley:

  • North: >0.03 birds/ha (>0.01 birds/ac)
  • South: >0.10 birds/ha (>0.04 birds/ac)

Habitat Objectives (Sites)
Open landscapes >35 ha (100 ac) dominated by herbaceous vegetation with all or part of the landscape in the following conditions:

  • bare ground >15% and patchily distributed
  • shrub cover <2%
  • canopy cover = 0%
  • >90% of the vegetation <0.3 m (13 in) tall in midMay
  • <1% of the landscape in tall herbaceous vegetation (i.e., >1.5 m [50 in] tall)

Cited Plan

Rockwell, S. M., J. L. Stephens, and B. Altman. 2022. Population and habitat objectives for landbirds in prairie, oak, and riparian habitats of western Oregon and Washington. Version 2.0. Prepared for Oregon-Washington Partners in Flight, Pacific Birds Habitat Joint Venture, Bureau of Land Management, and U.S. Forest Service. Klamath Bird Observatory, Ashland, OR, and American Bird Conservancy, Corvallis, OR.

Western Meadowlark

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Habitat: Prairie and Oak Savannah
Habitat Attribute: Large areas with diverse herbaceous vegetative structure

Population Objectives (Ecoregions)
Puget Lowlands:

  • By 2030, increase the current estimated population of 1,000 birds by ≥31.9% (2.8% annual exponential growth) to ≥1,319 birds, with ≥660 birds in ≥22 subpopulations, and another ≥660 birds elsewhere throughout the ecoregion.

Habitat Objectives (Ecoregions)
Puget Lowlands:

  • By 2030, maintain ≥22 habitat areas as described below that include ≤3,592 ha (8,875 ac) with ≥70% habitat suitability/patch.

Population and Habitat Objectives (Subregions)
Puget Lowlands:
Size, Number, and Distribution of Subpopulations and Habitat Areas by 2030:

  • ≥3 large subpopulations (i.e., >25 pairs) in <354 ha (875 ac)/subpopulation
  • ≥6 medium subpopulations (i.e., 15-25 pairs) in <202 ha (500 ac)/subpopulation ≥13 small subpopulations (i.e., 5-15 pairs) in <101 ha (250 ac)/subpopulation
  • ≥8 of the small habitat areas, ≥4 of the medium habitat areas, and ≥2 of the large habitat areas should have >90% of the area in secure conservation status (i.e., ownership or easements) and being managed in ways compatible with suitable habitat

All Ecoregions:

  • ≤10% of the subpopulation habitat area should be hostile habitat (i.e., urban, residential, high density rural)

Population Objectives (Sites)
Target Densities in Suitable Habitat:

Puget Lowlands:

  • North: >0.02 birds ha
  • South: >0.05 birds/ha

Willamette Valley:

  • North: >0.02 birds/ha (>0.01 birds/ac)
  • South: >0.05 birds/ha (>0.02 birds/ac)

Klamath Mountains:

  • >0.26 birds/ha (>0.10 birds/ac)

Habitat Objectives (Sites)
Wet prairie, upland prairie, oak savannah, or appropriate agricultural types (e.g., light to moderately grazed pasture, fallow fields) in open landscapes >500 ha (200 ac) in the following conditions:

  • canopy cover <15%
  • shrub cover <20% and scattered (i.e., not contiguous as in fence rows, field buffers, etc.)
  • bare ground 5-15%
  • herbaceous cover that is structurally and compositionally diverse with:
    • mean graminoid height in mid-to late May of 30-61 cm (12-24 in) including <25% 15-30 cm (6-12 in), >50% 30-61 cm (12-24 in), and <25% >61 cm (24 in)
    • forb cover >15%

Cited Plan

Rockwell, S. M., J. L. Stephens, and B. Altman. 2022. Population and habitat objectives for landbirds in prairie, oak, and riparian habitats of western Oregon and Washington. Version 2.0. Prepared for Oregon-Washington Partners in Flight, Pacific Birds Habitat Joint Venture, Bureau of Land Management, and U.S. Forest Service. Klamath Bird Observatory, Ashland, OR, and American Bird Conservancy, Corvallis, OR.

Lark Sparrow

Lark Sparrow (Chondestes grammacus)

Habitat: Prairie
Habitat Attribute: Low to moderate statured herbaceous vegetation and scattered woody cover

Population Objectives (Ecoregions)

Klamath Mountains (Rogue Basin):

  • By 2030, increase the current estimated population of 600 birds by ≥66.5% (2.1% annual exponential growth rate) to 999 birds, with ≥500 birds in ≥17 subpopulations, and another ≥500 birds elsewhere throughout the ecoregion.

Klamath Mountains (Umpqua Valley)

  • By 2030, reestablish as a breeding species with ≥1 small subpopulation (5-15 pairs/ population).

Habitat Objectives (Ecoregions)
Klamath Mountains (Rogue Basin):

  • By 2030, maintain ≥17 suitable habitat areas as described below that include ≤2,009 ha (4,965 ac) with ≥70% habitat suitability/patch.

Klamath Mountains (Umpqua Valley):

  • By 2030, maintain ≥1 habitat area as described below that includes <90 ha (222 ac) with 70% habitat suitability/patch.

Population and Habitat Objectives (Subregions)
Klamath Mountains:
Size, Number, and Distribution of Subpopulations and Habitat Areas by 2030:

  • ≥2 large subpopulations (i.e., ≥25 pairs) in <180 ha (445 ac)/subpopulation
  •  ≥5 medium subpopulations (i.e., 15-25 pairs) in <150 ha (371 ac)/subpopulation
  • ≥10 small subpopulations (i.e., 5-15 pairs) in <90 ha (222 ac)/subpopulation
  • ≥6 of the small habitat areas, ≥3 of the medium habitat areas, and ≥1 of the large habitat areas should have ≥90% of the area in secure conservation status (i.e., ownership or easements) and being managed in ways compatible with suitable habitat
  • ≤10% of the subpopulation habitat area should be hostile habitat (i.e., urban, residential, high density rural)

Population Objectives (Sites)
Target Densities in Suitable Habitat:

  • Klamath Mountains: >0.03 birds/ha (>0.01 birds/ac)

Habitat Objectives (Sites)
Prairie or Oak Savannah in the following conditions:

  • woody cover <25% and patchily distributed with tree cover <10% and shrub cover 5-25%
  • herbaceous cover >50% and <46 cm (18 in) tall
  • bare or sparsely vegetated ground 5-25% and patchily distributed
  • areas of suitable habitat >8 ha (20 ac)
  • maintain cowbird parasitism rates <10% within specific study sites

Cited Plan

Rockwell, S. M., J. L. Stephens, and B. Altman. 2022. Population and habitat objectives for landbirds in prairie, oak, and riparian habitats of western Oregon and Washington. Version 2.0. Prepared for Oregon-Washington Partners in Flight, Pacific Birds Habitat Joint Venture, Bureau of Land Management, and U.S. Forest Service. Klamath Bird Observatory, Ashland, OR, and American Bird Conservancy, Corvallis, OR.

Western Bluebird

Western Bluebird (Sialia mexicana)

Habitat: Prairie, Oak Savannah, or Open Woodland
Habitat Attribute: Cavities in trees with open access and low-saturated herbaceous vegetation

Population Objectives (Ecoregions)
Puget Lowlands:

  • By 2030, increase the current estimated population of 850 birds by ≥40.8% to ≥1,197 birds (3.5% annual exponential growth rate), with ≥599 birds in ≥38 subpopulations, and another ≥599 birds elsewhere throughout the ecoregion.

Habitat Objectives (Ecoregions)
Puget Lowlands:

  • By 2030, maintain ≥38 suitable habitat areas as described below that include ≤ 2,375 ha (5,869 ac) with ≥70% habitat suitability/patch.

Population and Habitat Objectives (Subregions)
Puget Lowlands:
Size, Number, and Distribution of Subpopulations and Habitat Areas by 2030:

  • ≥1 large subpopulations (i.e., ≥25 pairs) in <106 ha (263 ac)/subpopulation
  • ≥4 medium subpopulations (i.e., 15-25 pairs) in <76 ha (188 ac)/subpopulation
  • ≥8 small subpopulations (i.e., 5-15 pairs) in <46 ha (113 ac)/subpopulation
  • ≥11 of the small habitat areas, ≥6 of the medium habitat areas, and ≥3 of the large habitat areas should have ≥90% of the area in secure conservation status (i.e., ownership or easements) and being managed in ways compatible with suitable habitat
  • ≤10% of the subpopulation habitat area should be hostile habitat (i.e., urban, residential, high density rural)

Population Objectives (Sites)
Target Densities in Suitable Habitat:
Puget Lowlands:

  • North: >0.01 birds/ha (>0.004 birds/ac)
  • South: >0.04 birds/ha (>0.02 birds/ac)

Willamette Valley:

  • North: >0.01 birds/ha (>0.004 birds/ac)
  • South: >0.04 birds/ha (>0.02 birds/ac)

Klamath Mountains:

  • Umpqua: >0.03 birds/ha (>0.01 birds/ac)
  • Rogue: >0.05 birds/ha (>0.02 birds/ac)

Habitat Objectives (Sites)
Prairie, Oak Savannah, or Open Woodland in the following conditions:

  • canopy cover <35%
  • shrub cover <15%
  • ground cover dominated by grasses <30 cm (12 in) in height
  • mean tree DBH >38 cm (15 in)
  • >20% of the trees >53 cm (21 in) DBH

Cited Plan

Rockwell, S. M., J. L. Stephens, and B. Altman. 2022. Population and habitat objectives for landbirds in prairie, oak, and riparian habitats of western Oregon and Washington. Version 2.0. Prepared for Oregon-Washington Partners in Flight, Pacific Birds Habitat Joint Venture, Bureau of Land Management, and U.S. Forest Service. Klamath Bird Observatory, Ashland, OR, and American Bird Conservancy, Corvallis, OR.

White-Breasted Nuthatch (Slender-Billed)

Slender-Billed White-Breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinesis aculeata)

Habitat: Oak Savannah, Woodland, or Forest
Habitat Attribute: Mature oak trees or snags with cavities

Population Objectives (Ecoregions)
Puget Lowlands:

  • By 2030, increase the estimated population of <10 birds by 530% to 63 birds (20.2% annual exponential growth) with >32 birds in ≥2 subpopulations and another ≥32 birds elsewhere throughout the ecoregion.

Habitat Objectives (Ecoregions)
Puget Lowlands:

  • By 2030, maintain ≥2 suitable habitat areas as described below that include ≤73 ha (180 ac) with ≥70% habitat suitability/patch.

Population and Habitat Objectives (Subregions)
Puget Lowlands:
Size, Number, and Distribution of Subpopulations and Habitat Areas by 2030:

  •  ≥1 large subpopulations (i.e., ≥25 pairs) in <73 ha (180 ac)/subpopulation
  • ≥2 medium subpopulations (i.e., 15-25 pairs) in <49 ha (120 ac)/subpopulation
  • ≥4 small populations (i.e., 5-15 pairs) in <24 ha (60 ac)/subpopulation
  • all the habitat areas should have ≥90% of the area in secure conservation status (i.e., ownership or easements) and managed in ways compatible with suitable habitat
  • ≤10% of the subpopulation habitat area should be hostile habitat (i.e., urban, residential, high density rural)

Population Objectives (Sites)
Target Densities in Suitable Habitat:
Puget Lowlands:

  • the objective is to establish a population

Willamette Valley:

  • North: >0.46 birds/ha (>0.19 birds/ac)
  • South: >0.27 birds/ha (>0.11 birds/ac)

Klamath Mountains:

  • Umpqua: >0.10 birds/ha (>0.04 birds/ac)
  • Rogue: >0.24 birds/ha (>0.10 birds/ac)

Habitat Objectives (Sites)
Oak Savannah, Woodland, or Forest in the following
conditions:

  • canopy cover 40-80%
  • subcanopy cover <20%
  • conifer cover in the canopy and subcanopy <10%
  • mean DBH >53 cm (21 in)
  • >20% of oak trees with >70 cm (28 in) DBH

Cited Plan

Rockwell, S. M., J. L. Stephens, and B. Altman. 2022. Population and habitat objectives for landbirds in prairie, oak, and riparian habitats of western Oregon and Washington. Version 2.0. Prepared for Oregon-Washington Partners in Flight, Pacific Birds Habitat Joint Venture, Bureau of Land Management, and U.S. Forest Service. Klamath Bird Observatory, Ashland, OR, and American Bird Conservancy, Corvallis, OR.

Oregon Vesper Sparrow

Oregon Vesper Sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus affinis)

Habitat: Prairie and Oak Savannah
Habitat Attribute: Low to moderate statured herbaceous vegetation and scattered woody cover

Population Objectives (Ecoregions)
Target Densities in Suitable Habitat:

Puget Lowlands:

  • By 2030, increase the current estimated population of 270 birds by ≥69.3% (5.4% annual exponential growth rate) to ≥457 birds, with ≥229 birds in ≥8 subpopulations, and another ≥229 birds elsewhere throughout the ecoregion.

Willamette Valley:

  • By 2030, increase the current estimated population of 1,000 birds by ≥31.9% (2.8% annual exponential growth rate) to ≥1,319 birds, with ≥660 birds in ≥21 subpopulations, and another ≥660 birds elsewhere throughout the ecoregion.

Klamath Mountains:

  • By 2030, increase the current estimated population of 200 birds by ≥90.5% (6.7% annual exponential growth rate) to 381 birds, with ≥192 birds in ≥8 subpopulations, and another ≥192 birds elsewhere throughout the ecoregion.

Habitat Objectives (Ecoregions)
Puget Lowlands:

  • By 2030, maintain ≥8 suitable habitat areas as described below that include ≤ 1,204 ha (2,975 ac) with ≥70% habitat suitability/patch.

Willamette Valley:

  • By 2030, maintain ≥21 suitable habitat areas as described below that include ≤1,477 ha (3,650 ac) with ≥70% habitat suitability/patch.

Klamath Mountains (Rogue Basin):

  • By 2030, maintain ≥8 suitable habitat areas as described below that include ≤361 ha (891 ac) with ≥70% habitat suitability/patch.

Population and Habitat Objectives (Subregions)
Puget Lowlands: Size, Number, and Distribution of Subpopulations and Habitat Areas by 2030:

  •  ≥1 large subpopulations (i.e., ≥25 pairs) in <337 ha (833 ac)/subpopulation
  • ≥2 medium subpopulations (i.e., 15-25 pairs) in <193 ha (476 ac)/subpopulation
  • ≥6 small subpopulations (i.e., 5-15 pairs) in <96 ha (238 ac)/subpopulation
  • ≥3 of the small habitat areas, ≥1 of the medium habitat areas, and ≥1 of the large habitat areas should have ≥90% of the area in secure conservation status (i.e., ownership or easements) and being managed in ways compatible with suitable habitat

Willamette Valley: Size, Number, and Distribution of Subpopulations and Habitat Areas by 2030:

  •  ≥3 large subpopulations (i.e., ≥25 pairs) in <142 ha (350 ac)/subpopulation
  • ≥6 medium subpopulations (i.e., 15-25 pairs) in <81 ha (200 ac)/subpopulation
  • ≥12 small subpopulations (i.e., 5-15 pairs) in <41 ha (100 ac)/subpopulation
  • ≥6 of the small habitat areas, ≥4 of the medium habitat areas, and ≥2 of the large habitat areas should have ≥90% of the area in secure conservation status (i.e., ownership or easements) and being managed in ways compatible with suitable habitat

Klamath Mountains: Size, Number, and Distribution of Subpopulations and Habitat Areas by 2030:

  • ≥1 large subpopulation (i.e., ≥25 pairs) in <98 ha (243 ac)/subpopulation (Rogue)
  •  ≥2 medium subpopulations (i.e., 15-25 pairs) in <66 ha (162 ac)/subpopulation (Rogue)
  • ≥4 small subpopulations (i.e., 5-15 pairs) in <31 ha (81 ac)/subpopulation (Rogue)
  • ≥10 of the small habitat areas, ≥5 of the medium habitat areas, and ≥3 of the large habitat areas should have ≥90% of the area in secure conservation status (i.e., ownership or easements) and being managed in ways compatible with suitable habitat

All Ecoregions:

  • ≤10% of the subpopulation habitat area should be hostile habitat (i.e., urban, residential, high-density rural)

Population Objectives (Sites)
Target Densities in Suitable Habitat:
Puget Lowlands:

  • South: >0.02 birds/ha (>0.01 birds/ac)

Willamette Valley:

  • North: >0.01 birds/ha (>0.004 birds/ac)
  • South: >0.03 birds/ha (>0.01 birds/ac)

Klamath Mountains:

  • Rogue: >0.04 birds/ha (>0.01 birds/ac)

Habitat Objectives (Sites)
Upland prairie, savannah, or appropriate agricultural types (i.e., light to moderately grazed pasture, fallow fields, Christmas tree farms) in areas >50 ha (20 ac) in the following conditions:

  •  tree cover <10%
  • shrub cover <15% and scattered (i.e., not contiguous as in fence rows, field buffers, etc.)
  • bare ground 5-15% and scattered (i.e., not in one or a few large spots)
  • herbaceous cover that is structurally and compositionally diverse with:
    • mean graminoid height of 15-46 cm (6-18 in), including <20% <15 cm (6 in) tall, and <20% >46 cm (18 in) tall
    • forb cover >15%

Rockwell, S. M., J. L. Stephens, and B. Altman. 2022. Population and habitat objectives for landbirds in prairie, oak, and riparian habitats of western Oregon and Washington. Version 2.0. Prepared for Oregon-Washington Partners in Flight, Pacific Birds Habitat Joint Venture, Bureau of Land Management, and U.S. Forest Service. Klamath Bird Observatory, Ashland, OR, and American Bird Conservancy, Corvallis, OR.

Downy Woodpecker

Downy Woodpecker (Picoides pubescens)

Habitat: Riparian Closed Woodland or Forest
Habitat Attribute: Cavities in snags or decadent limbs

Population Objectives (Sites)
Target Densities in Suitable Habitat:

Puget Lowlands:

  • North: >0.09 birds/ha (>0.04 birds/ac)
  • South: >0.02 birds/ha (>0.01 birds/ac)

Willamette Valley:

  • North: >0.09 birds/ha (>0.04 birds/ac)
  • South: >0.09 birds/ha (>0.04 birds/ac)

Klamath Mountains:

  • Umpqua: >0.18 birds/ha (>0.07 birds/ac)
  • Rogue: >0.06 birds/ha (>0.02 birds/ac)

Habitat Objectives (Sites)
Riparian Closed Woodland or Forest in the following conditions:

  • canopy cover >50%
  • subcanopy cover >20%
  • canopy and subcanopy conifer cover <10%
  • >12 snags/ha (5/ac) >15 cm (6 in) DBH and >1.8m (6 ft) tall; of these >5/ha (2/ac) should be >25cm (10 in) DBH

Cited Plan

Rockwell, S. M., J. L. Stephens, and B. Altman. 2022. Population and habitat objectives for landbirds in prairie, oak, and riparian habitats of western Oregon and Washington. Version 2.0. Prepared for Oregon-Washington Partners in Flight, Pacific Birds Habitat Joint Venture, Bureau of Land Management, and U.S. Forest Service. Klamath Bird Observatory, Ashland, OR, and American Bird Conservancy, Corvallis, OR.